Smoke Characterization Project: Glossary

Content flammability: This means the flammability of building contents as opposed to building construction products. The "stuff" we put in our homes rather than the materials we use to build the home. Home contents can be quite flammable and contribute to a fast growing fire.

Dual-detection smoke alarms: Alarms that have two detectors present, for example photoelectric and ionization sensors. They often cost less than buying photoelectric and ionization smoke alarms separately.

Fingerprint of smoke: Just as each one of us has a unique fingerprint that can be used for identification, we discovered from this study that smoke arising from burning home contents has unique characteristics. These smoke characteristics include: particle size, particle size distribution, color, density and types of gases present (CO, CO2, organic compounds, etc.).

Interconnected smoke alarms: Smoke alarms that are electronically linked together so that when one detects smoke, it triggers all other alarms in a home or residential building.

Ionization sensors: Contain a small, harmless amount of radioactive material encapsulated in a metal chamber. Radioactive materials emit ions. These ions are used to create a steady flow of current across the gap of a detection l chamber. Smoke particles and/or heat will disrupt the flow of ions emitted and cause the alarm to sound.

Ionization smoke alarms: Generally more sensitive to smaller smoke particles, which are generated by open flame fires.

Natural fibers: Materials that have mineral, plant or animal origins. Examples include cotton, linen, jute, silk, leather and wool.

Non-flaming fire: A fire caused by smoldering materials, such as cigarettes or embers.

Open-flame fire: A fire caused by an open flame, such as a candle or hand-held lighter.

Photoelectric sensors: Uses electric current to produce a beam of light. When the light beam is interrupted by smoke particulate matter the alarm is activated. Photoelectric sensors are generally more sensitive to larger particles that often arise in smoky or smoldering fires.

Smoke characterization: Assigns a distinct signature, or fingerprint, to the smoke of a burning material based on its chemical and physical properties. See also: Fingerprint of smoke.

Synthetic fibers: Manmade materials that are often derived from crude oil. Examples include nylon, polyester, polyurethane, polyolefin and acrylic polymers.